Flank pain is discomfort or pain that occurs on either side of the body, typically between the lower ribs and the upper abdomen, extending to the back. This type of pain can be acute or chronic and may vary in intensity from a dull ache to sharp, severe pain. Common causes of flank pain include kidney stones, which can cause intense pain as they move through the urinary tract, and kidney infections (pyelonephritis), which may present with pain, fever, and urinary symptoms. Other causes include muscle strain or injury, often resulting from physical activity or heavy lifting, and conditions like appendicitis or diverticulitis, which can cause referred pain in the flank area. In women, flank pain may also be related to gynecological issues such as ovarian cysts or endometriosis. Treatment for flank pain depends on the underlying cause. For kidney stones, increased fluid intake and pain management with medications may help, while more severe cases might require procedures like lithotripsy or surgery. Kidney infections typically require antibiotics to eliminate the infection. Muscle strains are often managed with rest, heat or ice applications, and over-the-counter pain relievers. If the pain is related to gastrointestinal or gynecological conditions, addressing the specific issue with appropriate medical treatments or surgical interventions is necessary. It is important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan, especially if the pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, nausea, or changes in urination.
